H bridge circuit
An H bridge is a kind of circuit you use to control the direction (and sometimes speed) of an electric motor, using only a single polarity voltage (you need to reverse the way current flows in order to reverse the way the motor rolls).
How it works:
You have 4 transistors, wired as ON OFF switches. Two signal lines allow you to run the motor in one direction, when reversed, the motor runs in the other direction. It's very straightforward to use and build, but be careful to use only small motors, as the currents drawn from the bigger types can burn your components.
There are 3 modes of operation:
Both equal ( on or off ): motor doesn't run, as it's shorted or not connected
S1 on, S2 off: motor runs in reverse ( from negative [blue] to positive [red] )
S1 off, S2 on: motor runs normal.
Also note, unless you use power transistors, you need to connect diodes across the transistors in order to protect from overvoltages.
Simplified schematic:
How it works:
You have 4 transistors, wired as ON OFF switches. Two signal lines allow you to run the motor in one direction, when reversed, the motor runs in the other direction. It's very straightforward to use and build, but be careful to use only small motors, as the currents drawn from the bigger types can burn your components.
There are 3 modes of operation:
Both equal ( on or off ): motor doesn't run, as it's shorted or not connected
S1 on, S2 off: motor runs in reverse ( from negative [blue] to positive [red] )
S1 off, S2 on: motor runs normal.
Also note, unless you use power transistors, you need to connect diodes across the transistors in order to protect from overvoltages.
Simplified schematic:
Construction using l293d ic (4 inputs controlling 2 motors) :
L293D construction is similar to the h-bridge controlling 2 motors but using l293d is more preferable as it was so easy and occupies very few space in circuit
here pin 13 ,pin 12,pin 11,pin 10 are synonymous to pin A,B,C,D in above H-bridge controlling 2 motors
google for the datasheet of the L293D ic for more information.